Everything about The Lahore Resolution totally explained
The
Lahore Resolution (
Qarardad-e-Lahore قرارداد لاھور), commonly known as the
Pakistan Resolution (قرارداد پاکستان
Qarardad-e-Pakistan), was a formal political statement adopted by the
Muslim League at the occasion of its three-day general session on 22-24 March
1940 that called for greater Muslim autonomy in
British India. This has been largely interpreted as a demand for a separate Muslim state,
Pakistan. The resolution was presented by
A. K. Fazlul Huq.
Although the idea of founding the state was introduced by
Allama Iqbal in
1930 and the name
Pakistan had been proposed by
Choudhary Rahmat Ali in his
Pakistan Declaration in
1933,
Muhammad Ali Jinnah and other leaders had kept firm belief in
Hindu-
Muslim unity. However, the volatile political climate and religious hostilities gave the idea stronger backing.
Background
With the beginning of the
Second World War in September
1939, the
Viceroy of India Lord Linlithgow declared India's entrance into the war without consulting the
provincial governments. In this situation,
Jinnah called a general session of the All India Muslim League in
Lahore to discuss the circumstances and also analyze the reasons for the defeat of
Muslim League in the Indian general election of
1937 in some Muslim majority provinces.
Proceedings
The session was held between
22 March and
24 March, 1940, at Minto Park (now
Iqbal Park),
Lahore. The welcome address was made by Nawab Sir Shah Nawaz Mamdot. In his speech, Jinnah recounted the contemporary situation, stressing that the problem of India was no more of an inter-communal nature, but manifestly an international. He criticised the Congress and the nationalist Muslims, and espoused the Two-Nation Theory and the reasons for the demand for separate Muslim homelands. According to
Stanley Wolpert, this was the moment when Jinnah the former ambassador of Hindu-Muslim unity totally transformed himself into Pakistan's great leader.
Sikandar Hayat Khan, the
Chief Minister of the
Punjab, drafted the original
Lahore Resolution, which was placed before the Subject Committee of the All India Muslim League for discussion and amendments. The Resolution text unanimously rejected the concept of United India on the grounds of growing inter-communal violence and recommended the creation of an independent Muslim state.
After the presentation of annual report by
Liaquat Ali Khan, the Resolution was moved in the general session by
A.K. Fazlul Huq, the Chief Minister of undivided
Bengal and was seconded by
Choudhury Khaliquzzaman who explained his views on the causes which led to the demand of a separate state. Subsequently,
Maulana Zafar Ali Khan from Punjab, Sardar Aurangzeb from the
NWFP,
Sir Abdullah Haroon from Sindh, and Qazi Esa from
Baluchistan, and other leaders announced their support. In the same session, Jinnah also presented a resolution to condemn the Khaksar massacre of
19 March, owing to a clash between the
Khaksars and the police, that had resulted in the loss of lives.
The statement
The principle text of the Lahore Resolution was passed on
24 March. In
1941 it became part of the Muslim League's
constitution. In
1946, it formed the basis for the decision of Muslim League to struggle for one state for the Muslims. The statement declared:
No constitutional plan would be workable or acceptable to the Muslims unless geographical contiguous units are demarcated into regions which should be so constituted with such territorial readjustments as may be necessary. That the areas in which the Muslims are numerically in majority as in the North-Western and Eastern zones of India should be grouped to constitute independent states in which the constituent units shall be autonomous and sovereign. |
Additionally, it stated:
{{quotation|That adequate, effective and mandatory safeguards shall be specifically provided in the constitution for minorities in the units and in the regions for the protection of their religious, cultural, economic, political, administrative and other rights of the minorities, with their consultation. Arrangements thus should be made for the security of Muslims where they were in a minority.
Further Information
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